Abigail Adams 1744-1818

Abigail Adams


Abigail Adams was born on November 22 in 1744, she was born at the North Parish in Massachusetts, she were John Adams wife, and as we know John Adams was the second president of the United States of America, and she was the mother of John Quincy Adams. Abigail Adams was the second first lady of the United States of the America. Abigail Adams were remember by her acts but also she is remember because she always were carefully of his husband when he was in Philadelphia.

She was always sending letters to his husband, but this letters were always talking about politics and the government. When hi husband John Adams became a president she began to be more interested in politics, she were so good in the politics that all of his opponents refer to she as the Ms. President, and also because her husband were a president they were known as Mrs. President. John Adams defeated in her re-election campaign she joined with his son. Later on she renewed correspondence with Thomas Jefferson.

Abigail Adams also wrote very goods poetry, she wrote betther poetry than john Adams. The ability of write letther and poetry led Abigail to be more proffessional, it iliminated their mutual emotional and intellectualp respect. Also Abigail Adams wrote some books like The book from Abigail and John adams it was Selected Letters of the Adams family 1762-1784, this book was about their life. Abigail Adams die on October 28 of 1818 In Quincy Massachussetts.

The Treaty of Paris of 1763 and its Impact.

The American Revolution War ended on Oct 19,1782, by the surrendering of Lord Corn Wallis in Yorktown, Virginia. He sent a soldier with a white a flag and a drummer to surrender, he didnt face the shame to surrender. He first surrendered to the French, but the French denied it and told him to surrender to George Washington. There were an estimation of 80,000 British soldiers being killed along the way of the Revolutionary War. That made mad a lot of British families. The Revolutiion had a lot of impacts on the American society, by affecting the women relations, Native Americans, and the African Americans.

On 1782 a new administration, or Parliament was elected in England. They decided to make peace. Benjamin Franklin, one of the most important founding fathers assisted to the negociation. By September 3, of 1783 the treaty was signed. The Treaty of Paris recognized the American Independence and the new American Nation. Franklin not only got the independence of the 13, colonies ( that it was the ideal purpose of the Revolution ) he also manage that the Treaty granted peace, independence, and recognation of the territory that the Americans occupied ( all the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains, also the Louissiana Purchase ). There was a negative result or effect of the Treaty of Paris, that it caused a strain alliance between the Americans and the French, eventhough the French were the principal alliance, supporter, help of the Americans they were not taken in consideration on the Treaty.

There were also major impacts because of the Treaty. Firs of all the land that belonged to the French that was on North American territory, it passed under the command of the Americans. The British regained some land, they staid with Quebeck and the Ohio River Valley. New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory that was west of the Mississippi River were became Spaniard territory. In society one of the most greatest impact was the disperse of the loyalits, the migrated to the Dominion of Canada ( British Territoy ). Also the Treaty of Fort Sanwix and Hopewell was created for the Indians, and the interesting part was that those Treaties proclaimed that the Indians should give up their lands and the Americans wouldnt harm them.

Charles Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis was a British general; he was born at London, on New Year eve, 1738. He arrives to years after the revolution war start, he came to America as a major general but then he become the leader of all the British army in the south. Charles fights much battle against The Americans but the main battle was the ballet of Yorktown, this battle is known as the British surrender.

The battle of Yorktown was the most important battle in the revolution war, the British were expected to win but they didn’t count with the support of the Americans (French army). Cornwallis was waiting for British troops but suddenly French army arrives and joins Americans army, this made British surrender. This was the end of the revolution war. This was the biggest lost of Charles Cornwallis career.

Although this was a huge lost in the career of Cornwallis, he never lost the support of king George.After this he accepted the role of governor and commander in chief India. Then the return to England and was tittle Marquees Cornwallis. He was sent to Ireland, here he do many things but he is recognize of stopping the Irish rebellion 1798. Charles Cornwallis died on October 5, 180, at the age of 67 year old.

British mistakes

Since the beginning British were supposed to win this war, Americans didn’t have the army support that the king of England gave to his soldiers. British miss judge the Americans and thought this war would be easy. British won most of the battle but one error they make was that every battle they win they led Americans troops escape. This first error led the Americans reorganize and start over and over again.

One big problem wasn’t British errors or Americans correctness, was simply the geography fact. There is a huge ocean between United State and England. England had to send soldiers, food, weapons, coats, etc. In those times supplies were send by ships and this may take weeks.  This geography problem made British lost the revolution war because in the battle of Yorktown they lost waiting for more troops.

One point that the British Didn’t count on was that the Americans had really good leaders like George Washington, also Americans where really motivated because they where fighting for there rights, also one thing that really motivate them was that there wife’s approve this and make them thinks she will take care of the appointments. There are many mistakes British made in this war like the decision to assault bunker hill or the failure to pursue southern strategy in 1776.In conclusion British misjudge Americans.  

Henry Clinton

Henry Clinton was born on April 16, 1730. In his early life he joins to the local militia, then three years later he join the British army. Through rapidly achieve higher commissioner because there family benefited him. 1778, Clinton achieve the rank of lieutenant colonel, then two years later he become an aide de camp to the duck Ferdinand during the seven year war. After this he become a colonel 1762. On 1772 henry Clinton was promoted to major general.

After the death of Harriet, Hendry Clinton took his place in the parliament. Clinton was sent with other majors like William Howe and john Burgoyne, they provide assistance to the general Thomas gage. On June 17,1775 Clinton is charge in some part of the bloody victory of British at the battle of bunker hill. After this William Howe send Clinton south to t Asses military opportunity

Then British won the battle of long Island, the commander of this battle was Howe but he use Clinton ideas, for this he was prompted to lieutenant general. This made tension between Howe and Clinton, Clinton ask if he could return to England but he was send to new york city while Howe was capturing Philadelphia. He become the chief and replace Howe but hen after the lose in Sorotaga he was took off.

Lord William Howe

He was a British   general during the revolutionary war. William Howe was born on august 10, 1729 in England. At first William was very nice with the colonist but when he become a soldier he fight them. Then he becomes a general on May 25, 1775. As a general he send his troops to attack breed hill, this battle was name the battle of Bunker Hill. In this battle was very balance but at the end British won because American were low in ammunition.

Although general Howe lost many soliders in the battle of bunker hill,mhis troops were still strong. Wiliam Howe become a complete general en 1775and also become a temporary commander in chief of the British troops in 13 different colonies. Through this George Washington won the battle in Dorchester height.  Howe tells his troops to go to Canada until they could attack again, after this William become a normal commander in chief. In April 1776.

As a general William Howe send his troops to fight for New York City. William fight with George Washington troops in the battle of long island, this battle was won by the British in august. Then he also won battle of white plain against George Washington. Howe make a huge mistake, he always led George Washington troops escape . at the end William how capture New Jersey, across the river from new york city. British capture all new York city.

Loyalist

Loyalist Leaders:

- King George lll
- John Burgoyne
- Joseph Brant
- Benedict Arnold

Loyalist and Patriots: Loyalist

Loyalist were people who became  joined from England because they wanted to fight against American, because the American people want to became Independence so if this occur the British people were going to have a lot of problems that they can lose a lot of land and many things, so they form troops and leaders to fight against them

 

Loyalist Leaders:

King George III

He play an important role in the loyalist leaders, he were the king of England during the American Revolution. England was the most colonial power. The patriots declare the Independence in 1776, but the King George would not give up until this was end.

John Burgoyne 

He were a British General, he also was planning to captured New York. If this were happen, the colonies were split in two, and the American Pete were not moving down to get refuge in the South of New England.

Joseph Brant

He were a Mohawk chief, his named was Thayendanega in Iroquois. He joined with the British because he didn't want that the other take more of their land. He also said that if the American colonies became Independence then the Iroquois were lose more land. He became captain of the British Army.

Benedict Arnold

He was the Heroic General of the Continental Army who became a traitor against America. Secretary he try to help the British to get New York. Arnold then escaped and joined to the British Army and became an officer that led the troops.

Patriots

- George Washington
- Thomas Jefferson
- Benjamín Franklin
- Ethan Allen
- Foreign Allies
- Barón von Steuben
- Marquis de la Fayette
- Thomas Paine
- Patrick Henry
- Nathan Hale

Loyalist and Patriots: Patriots

After the French and Indian War that ended in 1763, The 13 colonies became divided in their feeling toward Great Britain. They wanted to remain English and loyal to King George III of England. They were called themselves Loyalist or Tories. About 1/3 of the population support England. This people want to separate from Great Britain and form a a new country. The people who supported a revolution were named as Patriots.
There were many important people that were patriots, they were the sons of liberty and also were leaders of the patriots.

Patriot Leaders:

General George Washington
All the American Army were made of soldiers from all the 13 colonies, it were called as the Continental Army, and this guy General George Washington were the leader. He were in charge of all the soldiers in the army. This army were not good at all because there were a lot of farmers in tar army.

Thomas Jefferson 
He was a lawyer during the American Revolution. Jefferson was a member of the secondContinental Congress and also he were governor of Virginia. He wrote the Declaration of IndePendence that explain how do the 13 colonies separate to form a new country. Jefferson have the idea that people can choose their own governor. After he convert into the third president of the United States of America.

Benjamin Franklin 
Benjamin Franklin helped organized the Commited of Correspondence. He also helped to correct the Continectal Congress with were all together against British rules.
Franklin also traveled to England because he want to protest the laws that the English put and also because of the taxes.

Others Patriots: 
- Ethan Allen 
- Foreign Alleis 
- Baron Von Steuben 
- Marquis de Lafayette
- Thomas Paine
- Patrick Henry 
- Nathan Hale

Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine was born on January 29 of 1737 in Thretford, England. His father was a corseter and for him education for his son ment everything, but Paine at age 12 dopped out school. Then he started to apprentice his father's work, but again he failed. At age 19 he left to his first travel oversea. Then in 1768 he became a tax officer in England. In 1772 he publishes his first book called " The Case of the Officers of Exice", that talked about and argument of increasing the salary of the tax officers. In 1774 he met Benjamin Franklin ( founding father ) in London, and Franklin helpped Paine to migrate to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania becoming a journalist.

In 1776 Thomas Paine published a book that changed the entire ideology of the Colonists called " Common Sense" that was like a defense of the American Independence from Britain. He worked, fought with the Continental Army, didnt was a good soldier but in the year 1776-1783 he published another book called "The American Crisis", which even Washington read it to his soldiers personally to inspire them to continue inthe fight and never give up. An interesting fact is that this pamphlet became so popular and was read by so many people that the percentage of the reading was greater than the percentage of people who assist to the Super Bowl. Paine came up until one point that he left the Continental Army and returned to Europe serving as a worker on smokeless candles and iron bridges. In 1791-1792 he wrote " The Rights of Man" as a criticizer of the French Revolution. This caused Paine to be arrested for the charges of anti-monarchist views, but he left to France to join to the National Convention.

In 1793 he was sent to jail being in France because of not supporting the execution of King Louis XVI. While being in prison he wrote what is known as his best work, that is an anti-church book called The Age of Reason in 1794-96. But before of the publishing he was released from prison in late 1794 because of the help of James Monroe, who in that time was the U.S Minister in France. He remained in France until 1802 when Jefferson invited him to come back to America. At the end he died on June 8,1809, but knowing that his contributions to the American Revolution was "eradicated" because of his religious views.

The Second Continental Congress

The second continental congress started on may 10, 1775 in Philadelphia; this event consisted at first of twelve delegates from different colonies except Georgia. Almost all the delegates were from the first continental congress. Few delegates join this movement; some of them included Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and new president of the continental congress, John Hancock.  At the end the second continental congress consisted of sixty-five delegates.

  

Benjamin franklin wanted independence but the other delegates didn’t like these ideas because they think America was not ready for breaking relations with Great Britain. Although many delegate like this ideas because the Lexington and Concord battle just had happen. Although the independence occurs after he was the first on to propose such event. Later on was John Hancock who continued this idea.

The second continental congress decided many important thing in may 15 1776 , they decided to declare independence from great Britain and put colonies in protection . They knew they should protect there colonies so the made other decision of creating a stronger army with they called American continental army. This army started on June 14, 1776 commanded by George Washington. The second continental congress also decided making paper money, which was printed in the end of the year.